Shunei Kyo
Editor

2014

At the end of the nineteenth century, the English surgeon Stephen Paget surmised: “Surgery of the heart has probably reached the limits set by nature; no new methods and no new discovery can overcome the natural difficulties that attend a wound of the heart,” expressing how difficult heart surgery was. Doctors as well as average citizens in those days considered the heart to be an untouchable internal organ and believed that a heart operation was impossible.