Viswanathan Natarajan • Narasimham L. Parinandi
Editors

2014

Mitochondria, often referred to as the “powerhouses” of the cell, generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by oxidative phosphorylation or OXPHOS, and maintain cellular homeostasis. In addition, as part of their normal function, mitochondria generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species which are key regulators of mitochondrial function as well as cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and innate immune responses. The mitochondrion consists of the outer membrane, inner membrane, proteins, lipids and mitochondrial DNA that has substantial similarity to bacterial DNA.