Giovanni Landoni • Laura Ruggeri
Alberto Zangrillo
Editors

2014

Perioperative morbidity and mortality represent a public health problem. Mortality alone is over 4 % in western countries, with striking differences among centers in the same countries and among different countries. There is initial growing awareness that drugs, techniques and strategies used in the perioperative period may influence clinical relevant outcomes. Surprisingly, there is randomized evidence of survival benefit in the perioperative period for only 12 topics, while two drugs are demonstrated to increase mortality. We collected all evidences from literature and asked more than 1,000 colleagues from 77 countries to confirm these findings.