Abhay Rane • Jeffrey A. Cadeddu • Mihir M. Desai
Inderbir S. Gill
Editors

2013

Natural ori fi ce translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery are based on the premise that patients would significantly bene fi t in terms of recovery time, physical discomfort, pain, and cosmesis by a surgery performed without visible scarring. Over the last fi ve to seven years, there has been a rapid expansion of LESS and NOTES procedures across surgical specialites, with hundreds of procedures reported in the literature ranging from cholecystectomy to radical prostatectomy.