Michael T. Sheaff • Naveena Singh

2013

The science of cytopathology is at the threshold of a renaissance. For many years cytology has been superseded by needle core biopsy sampling for a variety of anatomical sites. More recently, however, there have been signi fi cant advances in image-guided sampling of deep seated organs, on the one hand, particularly through endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound, and molecular techniques, on the other hand. Molecular changes are now required as an adjunct to morphology for a variety of tumors, not only for precise diagnosis but more importantly for targeted therapy.