Editors: Ian A. Trail, Lennard Funk, Amar Rangan, Matthew Nixon

2019

Over the last 25 years, significant advances have been made in the understanding of the shoulder biomechanics and treatment of its pathologies. Arthroscopic techniques and instrumentation have enabled many conditions to be treated with low morbidity to the patient. There have been numerous advances in arthroplasty surgery since John Charnley developed the low-friction hip replacement. Improvements in trauma technologies mean patients can expect to return to near-normal function after complex injuries.