Hubert John • Peter Wiklund
Editors

2013

Second Edition

With the introduction of the robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery a new era started for urologic surgery. Robotic-assisted surgery allowed a more precise removal of tumourous organs in the pelvis. It was important at the very beginning to differentiate robotic-assistance using intelligent assistance systems, which modify and improve the surgeons’ movements from the actual use of robots with a prede fi ned working schedule (where the surgeon does not actually operate), which has been used and abandoned by other disciplines such as orthopaedic surgery.