Edited by
RONALD M. BUKOWSKI
and
ANDREW c. NOVICK

2008

Renal cancer accounts for 3% of all malignant tumors. An estimated 39,000 new cases and 13,000 deaths were predicted for 2006. Carcinomas arising from the renal epithelium account for approximately 85% of renal tumors. The major risk factors include smoking (responsible for 24% to 30% of all cases of renal cell carcinoma [RCCD, obesity, and various environmental and occupational factors.