Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the “poster child” for the story of success in treating cancer patients. Over the past five decades, this essentially uniformly fatal disease has been eradicated in 80% of young patients. Cures were realized only as a result of slow and painstaking work that involved investigators pursuing a series of studies using radiation therapy and drugs such as vincristine, prednisone, cyclophosphamide, anthracyclines, l -asparaginase, methotrexate, and 6-mercapto-purine.