Edited by
Peter P. Toth
Christopher P. Canno

2011

Cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent throughout the world. The American Heart Association estimates that in the year 2009, the direct and indirect costs of cardiovascular disease in the United States will approximate one-half trillion dollars. Despite a staggering series of discoveries and innovations over the last five decades, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity, disability, and mortality among men and women.